What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis
also known as degenerative joint disease, degenerative arthritis, OA, or
osteoarthrosis, is the most common type of arthritis caused by inflammation,
breakdown, and the subsequent loss of cartilage in the joints - the cartilage
loses its normal shape over time. OA can affect any joint, but it occurs most
often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the
bases of the thumb and big toe.
According
to the National Health Service, UK, approximately 8.5 million people are
affected by the condition. The Arthritis Foundation, USA, says that about 27
million Americans are affected. The prevalence of OA is in the region of 10-20%
of the adult population.
Osteoarthritis
is a joint disease that mostly affects cartilage. The cartilage responsible for
providing the cushion for weight bearing, wears down and there is exposure of the
underlying bony surface to direct pressure. Healthy cartilage allows bones to
glide over each other and helps absorb shock of movement. In osteoarthritis,
the top layer of cartilage breaks down and wears away damage to the supporting
ligaments and weakening of the muscles. This allows bones under the cartilage
to rub and stress together. The rubbing and stress causes pain, swelling, and
stiffness.
Gradually Over time, the
joint may lose its normal shape. Also, bone spurs may grow on the edges of the
joint. Bits of bone or cartilage can break off and float inside the joint
space, which causes more pain and damage. There will be discomfort on walking. Osteoarthritis
is a progressive disease; signs and symptoms gradually worsen over time.
Any
joint in the body may be affected. However, osteoarthritis is most likely to
affects the patient's:
- Hands
- Hips
- Knees
- Lower back
What is the Cause of Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis
usually happens gradually over time.
Here are some of the factors that contribute to the development of
osteoarthritis:
- Overweight
- Getting older (Symptoms typically start after 40 years of age)
- A genetic defect in joint cartilage
- Joint injury
- Stresses on the joints from certain jobs and playing sports. (Football injury)
Women
tend to get it earlier and more severely than men and in some cases.
Symptom of Osteoarthritis
- Problems moving affected joints
- Stiffness - waking up in the morning, and improves within 30 minutes when the individual starts moving about.
- Affected joints are larger than usual
- After not moving the joint for a while pain and stiffness may worsen
- Joints are warm
- Loss of muscle bulk
- Tenderness in the affected joint
- The affected joints will have a limited range of movements
- The patient may experience a grating or crackling sound/sensation in the affected joint.
- joint cramps
- bone pain
- knee joint pain
- joint pain
Osteoarthritis Treatment
Osteoarthritis is a chronic (long-term) disease. There is no
cure, but Osteoarthritis treatments
are available to manage symptoms. The main treatments for osteoarthritis
include:
Osteoarthritis Lifestyle Measures
- exercise regularly
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Health supplement to improve
Osteoarthritis Medication Treatment – to relieve your pain
- Painkillers e.g: Paracetamol, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Capsaicin cream
- Corticosteroid injections - reduces swelling and pain
- Viscosupplementation – long term effect
Osteoarthritis Supportive Therapies – to help make everyday activities easier.
- Hot or cold packs
- Manual therapy e.g: stretching, massage, acupunctural
In a few cases, where other treatments haven't been helpful,
surgery to repair, strengthen or replace damaged joints may also be considered.
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